Kautilya's " Arthashastra", a statecraft manual of the same era, contains hundreds of recipes for creating poison weapons, toxic smokes, and other chemical weapons. 400 BC) forbids the use of poison and fire arrows, but advises poisoning food and water. The " Laws of Manu," a Hindu treatise on statecraft (c. Some of the earliest surviving references to toxic warfare appear in the Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. Homer's epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, allude to poisoned arrows used by both sides in the legendary Trojan War ( Bronze Age Greece). Ancient and medieval times Īncient Greek myths about Heracles poisoning his arrows with the venom of the Hydra monster are the earliest references to toxic weapons in western literature. However, their usage has been extremely controversial since the 20th century. Sabaton.Chemical weapons have been a part of warfare in most societies for centuries. ^ "The Attack Of The Dead Men – Lyrics"." "Attack of the Dead" (Osovets, 1915): Myth or Reality" (PDF). ^ Menkovsky, Vyacheslav Ivanovich (2011).State Public Historical Library of Russia. The defense of the Osovets fortress during the second, 6 1/2 month siege of it (in Russian). ^ Svechnikov, Mikhail Stepanovic (1917).Available at: European Researcher (Sochi, Russian Federation)
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" "Dead Men Attack" (Osovets, 1915): Archive Sources Approach" (PDF). Germany Ascendant: The Eastern Front 1915. 'Now Russia returns its history to itself': Russia celebrates the centenary of the First World War". Swedish metal band Sabaton released a song about the battle, titled "The Attack of the Dead Men", on their 2019 album The Great War. Russian metal band Aria released a song inspired by the battle, titled "Attack of the Dead", on their 2014 album Through All Times. The Russians demolished much of the place and retreated on August 18. The Germans threatened to encircle the fortress with the capture of Kaunas and Novogeorgievsk. The Russians did not hold the area for much longer. Strzeminsky, who, despite severe gas poisoning, with the remnants of the company entrusted to him, carried the attack to the end, using bayonet tactics to take possession of the 1st and 2nd sections of the Sosnya position. During the attack, Lieutenant Kotlinsky was mortally wounded and handed over command of the compound to the 2nd Osovetska Sap Company V. The 13th company under the command of Lieutenant Kotlinsky counterattacked parts of the 18th regiment along the railway and forced them into flight. The five remaining Russian guns subsequently opened fire on the fleeing Germans. The Germans retreated, running so fast they were caught up in their own barbed wire traps. The Germans became panicked by the appearance of the Russians, who were coughing up blood and bits of their own lungs, as the hydrochloric acid formed by the mix of the chlorine gas and the moisture in their lungs had begun to dissolve their flesh. They were met at the first defense line by a counter-charge made up of the surviving soldiers of the 13th Company of the 226th Infantry Regiment. Over twelve battalions of the 11th Landwehr Division, making up more than 7,000 men, advanced after the bombardment expecting little resistance. While coughing up blood, the Russians covered their faces with cloths and managed to rout German forces. The incident got its name from the bloodied, zombie-like appearance of the Russian combatants after they were bombarded with a mixture of poison gases, chlorine and bromine by the Germans. The Attack of the Dead Men, or the Battle of Osowiec Fortress, was a battle of World War I that took place at Osowiec Fortress (now northeastern Poland), on August 6, 1915. Lieutenant Vladimir Karpovich Kotlinsky, commandant of the Osowiec fortress during the attack For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.You should also add the template to the talk page.A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ] see its history for attribution. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation.If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality.Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,874 articles in the main category, and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization.Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
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